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Where the tokens are
Nine pass-or-fail tests of profitability, balance-sheet strength and efficiency, against the year before.
Eight ratios that tend to move when reported earnings are being flattered. Above −1.78 the model flags the company.
A flag is a statistical association, not a finding. Fast sales growth alone pushes the score up, so rapidly growing companies are flagged often.
A model of the probability of default within two years, from size, leverage, liquidity and profitability.
Figures describe PDD shares, not any token. From the company's filings, scored by each published model. 3 of 7 models had a result. Each model is one statistical lens on the filings and was built for a particular kind of company; none of them is a verdict, and none is advice.